2O2 Har dcas tie Crags* 



Like the rocks of Whaley-Bridge, Greenfield, and 

 Blackstone-edge, those of the Hebden-valley consist of 

 millstone-grit, alternating with shale. It was in the 

 latter that the late celebrated blacksmith-naturalist, 

 Samuel Gibson, discovered the new and rare species of 

 Goniatites described and figured by the late Captain 

 Thomas Brown, in the first volume of the Transactions 

 of the Manchester Geological Society (1841,) and the 

 specimens of which are now in the Peter-street Museum. 

 Gibson's discoveries are said, in the " Transactions," to 

 have been made in ."High-green Wood." This is the 

 name commonly given to the whole of the valley from 

 Hebden Bridge upwards to the Crags, and no doubt he 

 had well searched the entire course of the river, along 

 which the shale principally crops out. But the name 

 properly applies only to a portion of the wood at the 

 extreme end of the valley. Gibson's richest discoveries 

 were made, however, not so much here, as in the main 

 Todmorden-valley, during the construction of the rail- 

 way. " Goniatites" are fossil shells allied to the ammo- 

 nite. There are about 250 different species, some of 

 which, as G. Listen, are very abundant in the lower coal- 

 measures. 



The botany of the valley is rich, yet not materially 

 different from that of any clough close to Manchester, 

 except, perhaps, in regard to certain mosses. Mnium 

 stella' re and An'odon Donia'num grow on shady rocks by 

 the river-side below the Crags, and everywhere the great 



