II. EMBRYOTOMY OPERATIONS. 



General Considerations. The following exercises in 

 embryotomy operations are designed to give to the student 

 a general view of the subject by a simple plan as carried 

 out through the aid of a skeleton provided with an artificial 

 uterus into which are placed freshly killed, newly born 

 calves in such a position as may be desired and the opera- 

 tions carried out by the student as described. At the same 

 time it is hoped to offer through these descriptions to the 

 veterinary obstetrist a simple and effective plan for perform- 

 ing embryotomy which has been fully tested by the author 

 in an extensive obstetrical practice. In describing these 

 operations we purposely limit the instruments to be used to 

 the fewest number and simplest kinds, yet using all that are 

 essential in the performance of any of the following obstet- 

 rical operations. We designate the same instruments for 

 each operation. They are : a hooked ring knife ; a Colin' s 

 scalpel like Fig. n ; an embryotomy chisel i m. in length, 

 the handle 1.5 cm. in diameter with a ring end, the blade 

 about 10 cm. long by 4 cm. wide and 2 to 3 mm. thick, the 

 cutting edge concave from side to side and the corners dull 

 and rounded ; mallet ; several cotton ropes i cm. in diame- 

 ter with a small spliced loop at one end. 



45. CEPHALOTOMY. 



Object. The diminution of the size of the head on ac- 

 count of its oversize or of the smallness of the maternal 

 pelvis, so that it will pass through the pelvic canal. 



Technic. In these cases the head is usually engaged in 

 the canal sufficiently tight that no further fixation is neces- 

 sary. After thoroughly cleansing and disinfecting the parts 



