24 SWINE DISEASES 



Lesions. Peptic ulcers are characteristic in their ap- 

 pearance. They may involve the mucous membrane only 

 or they may extend through the submucosa and involve 

 the muscular coat of the stomach, and even perforate 

 the serous membrane. In size they vary from that of the 

 cross-section of a lead pencil to the area of a silver 

 dollar. They appear as though made by means of a 

 punch, and if they involve more than the mucous mem- 

 brane they usually have a terraced margin; their walls 

 being clean-cut and non-inflammatory. 



Symptons. The evidences of peptic ulcer vary, but 

 usually there is indigestion and occasionally hemorrhages. 

 Sometimes it results in perforation of the stomach, 

 followed by peritonitis and death. 



Hyperemia 



Passive hyperemia of the stomach is the result of 

 obstructive circulation and usually is evidenced by more 

 or less edema of the gastric walls; in extreme cases there 

 may be thrombotic formation and focal or even extensive 

 necrosis. 



Active hyperemia of the stomach is much more common 

 than the passive form, and may be either physiologic or 

 pathologic. 



Pathologic gastric arterial hyperemia is caused by 

 irritation, either from chemicals, undue exposure, or 

 infection, and represents the primary stage of inflam- 

 mation. 



Gastritis 



Gastritis is relatively common in hogs. It results 

 from traumatic injuries, chemical irritants (poisons), and 

 infection. 



Catarrhal Gastritis 



Catarrhal gastritis is of fairly common occurrence 

 and usually results from mild irritation. It is evidenced 

 by a hyperemia of the mucosa, which appears red, slightly 

 tumefied, and covered with varying quantities of mucus. 



