36 SWINE DISEASES 



have a velvety appearance. The lymphoid tissue usually 

 becomes swollen and contains excessive quantities of 

 leukocytes, which may be expressed as a milky substance. 

 There may, in the advanced stages, be areas of necrosis 

 of the epithelium of the mucous membrane. In the 

 submucosa, hemorrhages of varying size may occur. 



Symptoms. Acute catarrhal enteritis occurs most 

 frequently in connection with acute catarrhal gastritis, 

 and the symptoms of gastritis usually overshadow those 

 of enteritis. Inappetence or variation of appetite, rise 

 of temperature, listlessness, and arched back are common 

 symptoms of acute gastrointestinal catarrh. The symp- 

 toms of acute intestinal catarrh are frequent defecation 

 of small quantities of mucous-coated feces. In the 

 beginning, there is usually constipation, but this con- 

 dition is succeeded by diarrhea. The affected animals 

 groan and roll frequently. 



Treatment. Remove the cause. Give easily di- 

 gested foods when appetite returns. If constipation 

 prevails, give some laxative, preferably oleaginous in 

 character. Enemas of warm saline solutions sometimes 

 give immediate relief. 



Chronic Catarrhal Enteritis 



Chronic intestinal catarrh is usually a sequel of acute 

 intestinal catarrh. 



Etiology. The usual causes of chronic intestinal 

 catarrh are the same as those causing acute intestinal 

 catarrh, but are continued over a longer period of time 

 and probably, in the majority of instances, are not so 

 intense. Error of diet is the most frequent cause. 

 Chronic heart or liver diseases that produce venous 

 engorgement of the intestine is a common cause. Para- 

 sites, no doubt, are responsible for an occasional case of 

 chronic intestinal catarrh. 



Lesions. The affected mucous membrane is usually 

 of a uniform or mottled bluish, steel, slate color. The 

 mucosa is tumefied, dense, and of a leathery consistency 

 due to the excessive development of fibrous tissue in the 



