SECTION II 



THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM 



NOSE 



THE habit of rooting predisposes the snout of swine 

 to various kinds of injury regardless of the fact 

 that this organ has been designed for such pur- 

 poses. Ringing of swine produces an injury that in 

 some instances is difficult to correct. 



Epistaxis 



Nose bleeding is not a disease primarily, but is usually 

 a symptom of some other disease or abnormal condition. 

 Epistaxis occurs rather commonly in swine. 



Etiology. True epistaxis is a result of the escape of 

 blood from some of the blood vessels of the nasal chambers 

 or related cavities. It is a very common symptom in 

 hog cholera and swine plague, and has been observed 

 in cases of anthrax. The condition is sometimes asso- 

 ciated with ulceration of the schneiderian membrane 

 regardless of the cause of the ulcers. In some instances, 

 it may be due to mechanical injuries of the mucous 

 membrane. 



Lesions. Except in epistaxis resulting from trauma, 

 the lesions of the primary condition are more prominent 

 than those associated with the hemorrhage. 



Symptoms. Escape of blood, usually from the 

 nostril, is the principal evidence of epistaxis. The 

 escaping blood may be scarlet red or dark red, depending 

 upon whether the blood is escaping from an artery or a 

 vein. Epistaxis can be distinguished from pulmonary 

 hemorrhage by the fact that the discharged blood from 

 the latter is frothy. 



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