THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM 77 



such ulcers occur they usually involve only the mucous 

 membrane. 



Symptoms. Discharge from the nose of a serous, 

 mucous, seromucous, pus, or mucopurulent material is 

 indicative of nasal catarrh. The affected animal may 

 sneeze and evidence some difficulty in breathing. 



Treatment. Remove the cause, and if the condition 

 has not persisted until it is chronic there will usually be a 

 speedy recovery. A common cause of catarrhal rhinitis is 

 inhalation of dust, and therefore dusty pens frequently 

 contain swine with nasal catarrh. The condition in such 

 cases can usually be checked by sprinkling or wetting 

 the pens. Medicinal treatment is not of great value for 

 this condition in swine because of the difficulty of its 

 application. Laxatives may be of some value. Those 

 animals affected with advanced cases of the chronic 

 form of the disease had best be put into a marketable 

 condition, if possible, and sold for slaughter. 



Infectious Nasal Catarrh 



An infectious nasal catarrh of swine occurs enzootically 

 in Germany It usually confines its ravages to pigs less 

 than six months of age. A similar clinical affection 

 occurs in some sections of the United States, but in this 

 country the specific causative agent has not been identi- 

 fied. 



Etiology. In 1906, the Bacillus pyocyaneus was 

 identified by Koske as the causative factor, although the 

 infectious nature of the disease was recognized as early as 

 1890. The Bacillus pyocyaneus is found in manure 

 heaps and mulched soils; it gains entrance to the nose 

 while the swine are rooting and is readily transmitted 

 from a diseased to a healthy animal by means of the 

 nasal discharges. 



Lesions. This disease is characterized by an intense 

 inflammation which causes a marked congestion of the 

 mucosa and not infrequently a hemorrhagic inflammation. 

 The lesions extend and involve the sinuses and the 

 ethmoidal cells, and there may be involvement of the 



