104 SWINE DISEASES 



products, and vegetable and mineral poisons, when 

 present in sufficient quantities, are capable of establishing 

 inflammation. Thus pneumonia, hog cholera, swine 

 plague, and septic infections are usually accompanied by 

 nephritis. Some serum producers have had losses of 

 hyperimmune swine due to contaminated virus. In the 

 swine that died in these cases not only the lesions evi- 

 dencing general septic infection were present but also 

 marked lesions of an acute parenchymatous nephritis. 

 Turpentine, phenol, and the various coal-tar products are 

 capable of producing nephritis. Corrosive sublimate, 

 too, may be obtained in sufficient quantities to produce 

 the disease. 



Lesions. The lesions of acute parenchymatous 

 nephritis are practically confined to the epithelium of the 

 glomeruli and convoluted uriniferous tubules. The 

 affected kidney is slightly enlarged and has a parboiled 

 appearance. The capsule is easily removed, the kidney 

 substance is usually soft, and blood escapes freely from a 

 cut surface. Microscopically the affected epithelium is 

 affected with hyperemia and cloudy swelling which may 

 become so intensive that the cells undergo necrosis. The 

 detritis of the dead cells and coagulated exudate, accumu- 

 lated in the lumina of the tubules, may be readily ob- 

 served. The intertubular tissue may be infiltrated with 

 leukocytes. If the inflammation is intense there may be 

 hemorrhage into the kidney substance or into the glom- 

 eruli or tubules. 



Symptoms. The animals show evidence of dis- 

 tress. One of the first indications of the disease is arched 

 back and stilty gait. There are frequent attempts at 

 urination, but little urine is voided, and the animals usually 

 have a temperature ranging from 104 to 106 degrees 

 Fahrenheit. In the beginning of the attack they may 

 eat, but inappetence becomes evident soon after the 

 onset. It is possible that the foregoing symptoms are not 

 characteristic of uncomplicated nephritis, but of cases in 

 which nephritis was the most prominent condition. In 

 the cases that have been observed the disease most 



