THE URO-GENITAL SYSTEM 109 



Urine has been collected from the bladder of the 

 carcasses of swine that have been slaughtered, and 

 analyzed. It is possible that there may be some modi- 

 fication of the urine of slaughtered animals, but it is 

 doubtful if the changes are of much significance. 



Albuminuria has been found to exist in swine showing 

 a high temperature, particularly cases that have been 

 affected with cholera. The urine has also been found to 

 contain varying quantities of albumin in which there was 

 an acute nephritis. Pneumonic cases also evidenced 

 albumin in the urine. 



The exact cause of albuminuria is still being debated. 

 The condition in swine, as well as in other animals, 

 occurs in those cases where the renal epithelium is dam- 

 aged either by degeneration or inflammation, although it 

 may occur in the absence of damaged epithelium. Some 

 veterinarians are maintaining that albuminuria is caused 

 by acid intoxication. 



At this time, with our present knowledge, albuminuria, 

 at least in swine, must be thought of as secondary to some 

 other conditions. Albuminuria in swine has not been 

 studied clinically, therefore, symptoms of the condition 

 cannot be recorded. It is an important condition 

 because albuminous substances that should be conserved 

 are eliminated from the body in the urine. Disturbances 

 of nutrition follow, and the primary and associated con- 

 ditions produce emaciation and marasmus. Albuminuria 

 usually terminates fatally. 



Uremia 



Uremia is a condition characterized by the presence 

 in the blood of a greater or less amount of the solid 

 constituents of urine. This condition has not been 

 identified clinically in swine, but the nature of the lesions 

 observed in some kidneys by veterinary inspectors is 

 sufficient evidence that the disease exists in swine. 



Etiology. The primary cause of uremia is obstructed 

 outflow of urine, which may be the result of disturbance 

 in the kidneys, ureter bladder, or urethra. Severing or 



