112 SWINE DISEASES 



Sarcomas have also been encountered by veterinary 

 inspectors in the kidney of swine. They are usually 

 metastatic, although one case of a primary, large-spindle 

 celled sarcoma has been recorded. 



URETERS 



Malformations 



Malformations of the ureters are not uncommon, but 

 the malformations that are observed are not of such a 

 nature that the function of the organs is interfered with 

 and therefore are of no practical importance. 



Renal pelvic calculi may become lodged in the ureters 

 and establish inflammatory disturbances, and also obstruct 

 the lumen. 



The ureters are subject to injuries in spaying and other 

 abdominal operations. 



BLADDER 



- 



Malformations 



Malformations of the bladder are not common. A 

 few cases of double bladder have been recorded, or the 

 bladder may be very small, such animals urinating 

 frequently. Vestiges of the urachus may be retained, 

 and these may become cystic. 



Hematuria 



Hemorrhages into the bladder sometimes occur in 

 swine. They are caused by injuries which may be 

 inflicted by calculi and from diseases of the mucosa. 

 They may also be caused by drugs, such as cantharides 

 and turpentine, obtained accidentally in large quantities. 

 This condition is frequently associated with such diseases 

 as hog cholera. 



Lesions. --The primary lesions observed depend 

 upon the cause of hematuria. There may be cystic 

 calculi, injuries of various kinds, infection, and lesions 

 elsewhere in the body. The extravasted blood will be 



