THE URO-GENITAL SYSTEM 125 



containing machinery or other places where injuries of 

 various kinds may be inflicted. 



Preputial concrements or calculi sometimes occur in 

 swine. They occasion difficulty in urination or even 

 retention of urine and sometimes the urine accumulates 

 in the sheath in considerable quantities. The accretions 

 are easily detected by an examination and are not difficult 

 to remove. 



The lining of the prepuce may be infested with screw- 

 worms, which will occasion considerable swelling and 

 distress to the animal. For the treatment see page 123. 

 Preputial inflammation due to irritation from urine and 

 infection sometimes requires care by cleansing and anti- 

 septics. 



FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS 



OVARY 



Malformations 



Malformations of the ovary are much more common 

 than is generally suspected. The most frequent anomalies 

 consist of changed position which ordinarily does not 

 appear to interfere with the normal functioning of the 

 organs. There may be two ovaries on one side and one 

 on the other, or there may be two ovaries on each side. 

 Either ovary may be exceptionally large or small, the 

 other being normal in size. 



The ovaries may be injured, but this is rather the 

 exception, owing to the thick body wall which serves as a 

 protection. 



Hemorrhage 



Hemorrhage of the ovary may occur at the time of 

 estrum, and is dependent upon the lacerating of a blood 

 vessel when the graafian follicle ruptures. These hem- 

 orrhages are of no practical or economic significance. 



Oophoritis 



This condition has been observed in sows, but princi- 

 pally at abattoirs by veterinary inspectors. It is usually 



