INFECTIOUS DISEASES 213 



bloody material containing shreds of tissue. The snout 

 becomes enlarged and the face bulging, this condition 

 frequently being called an elephant head. 



Treatment. It is not possible to efficiently treat 

 these cases because of the difficulty of applying medica- 

 ments to the lesion and further because of the destructive 

 changes in the bones of the nose and face. 



Necrotic Pneumonia 



Necrotic pneumonia is frequently an associated con- 

 dition of necrotic rhinitis, the infection taking place by 

 the inhalation of necrotic particles from the nose. 



Lesions. The same general coagulation necrosis 

 type of lesions that characterizes necrobacillosis are 

 observed also in necrotic pneumonia. 



Symptoms. Manifestations of the disease are similar 

 to those of croupous pneumonia, though evidence of septic 

 intoxication is more pronounced than in the latter. The 

 very offensive odor of the expired air characterizes pul- 

 monary necrobacillosis. 



Treatment. Treatment other than providing good, 

 nourishing food and sanitary surroundings is of little 

 or no avail. 



Necrotic Hepatitis 



Hepatic necrobacillosis is not of common occurrence, 

 but some cases have been observed. It is usually sec- 

 ondary to necrotic enteritis, the infection passing through 

 the portal system and metastasizing in the liver. 



Lesions. The lesions consist of sharply circum- 

 scribed grayish-white areas varying in size from that of a 

 pinhead to a silver dollar. These areas may be sur- 

 rounded by a fibrous capsule. The density or consistency 

 of the lesion depends upon its age. It may be of the 

 same consistency as the surrounding liver, it may be dry 

 and mealy, or, if the animal recovers, it may become 

 calcareous. These areas may not cause any irregularity 

 in the size or shape of the liver or the lesion may assume 

 the nodular form, the nodules projecting from the surface 

 of the liver. The surface nodules have a raised border 



