OUR NATIVE TREES AND SHRUBS. 9 



III. THE MARGIN OF THE BLADE. 



Entire : With the edge even, or very nearly so, all around. (See 



pp. 18, 22, 24.) 



Serrate : With teeth pointing towards apex. (See p. 34.) 

 Two-Serrate : With smaller teeth on the margins of the larger ones. 



(See p. 30 60a, 60b, 70b, 71a, 68b, 68d, 69b.) 

 Toothed : With teeth pointing outward rather than forward. (See 



p. 20 37e.) 



Crenate : With rounded teeth. (See p. 28 73d, 32a.) 

 Teeth incurved : Bent forward and inward so that points may 



appear rounded. (See p. 34 24c, 24e, 28c.) 

 Notches : The hollows between teeth. 

 Lobed : Deeply cut or hollowed so as to form lobes. (See p. 20 



37b, 21a, 21b, 21c, 21d, 21e; p. 26, except 73c.) 

 Pinnate : With lobes arranged along a central stalk. (See p. 26 



67b, 73a, 73g, 73h.) 

 Palmate : With lobes arranged around a centre. (See pp. 20, 



261 9b, 26a, 3a, 55a.) 

 Sinuses are the hollows between the lobes. 



Re volute : With the edge turned under or rolled in on lower side. 

 Ciliate : With a fringe of fine hairs like an eyelash along the edge. 



(Seep. 18 39a.) 



IV. THE VENATION OR VEINING. 



Veins : The framework of the blade. 



Midrib : A central vein running from end to end. 



Palmate : When main veins run outward from base of leaf. (See 



p. 20 21a, 21b, 21c, 21d, 21e, 37b.) 



Veins from tjie base often curve to or towards the apex without 

 much branching, and are then called nerves. (See p. 22 

 86b; p. 32 18a.) 



Pinnate : When branches run from midrib towards opposite mar- 

 gins. (See p. 34.) 



In leaves like those of Beech and Birch the pinnate veins are often 

 nearly straight and parallel, running directly to the points 

 of the main teeth. (See p. 30 60a, 60b, 70b, 71a, etc.) 



