12 SYLVAN ONTARIO. 



ENDS OF BLADE Continued. 



Cordate (base) : Heart-shaped. (See p. 22 86b, 46a, 5a.) 

 Sub-cordate (base) : Slightly cordate. (See p. 20 21a ; p. 26 



31a). 

 Wedge-shaped: Acute, with straight edges. (See p. 32 67a ; 



p. 34 24b.) 

 Oblique (base) : One side larger than the other. (See p. 30 



60b, lOa, p. 28 32a.) 

 Entire : The base may be entire for some distance, though the 



rest of the margin is toothed or serrate. (See p. 32 67a ; 



p. 34 24b, 28a, 30a, 30e, 63a.) 



X. THE SIZE OF BLADE OR LENGTH OF PETIOLES, ETC. 

 > means " greater than." 

 < means "less than." The point is always toward the smaller of 



the things compared. 

 3-5 in. means between 3 in. and 5 in., not -| of an inch. 



XL ODOR. 



Many leaves when crushed have a fragrance by which they may 

 be known. Such are those of Sweet Gale, Sweet Fern, 

 Balsam, some of the Hickories, and Butternut. In some 

 cases the odor is unpleasant, as in the Fetid Currant, the 

 Staghorn Sumac and the Elders. 



XII. TASTE. 



Leaves differ as much in this particular as in any other. The 

 Willows are particularly bitter, owing to the presence of a 

 substance which has been used as a substitute for quinine. 

 The Cherries and Juneberries have all the well-marked 

 flavor of the very poisonous prussic acid ; the Wintergreen 

 shares its aroma with two of our Birches ; and our two 

 species of American or Mountain Holly (so-called) have a 

 bitterness that cannot be mistaken for anything else. If 

 the true Poison Ivy and the southern Sumacs are avoided, 

 there is no danger of injury from the habit of " browsing 

 and nibbling," so well described by Maurice Thompson, in 

 "By- Ways and Bird-Notes." 



