40 SYLVAN ONTARIO. 



9a. Hypericum Kalmidnum (L.) Shrubby St. John's Wort. 



Reported as common along Lakes Erie and Huron ; also at Ottawa. 

 Britton and Brown state that it is found " at Muskoka," but I have not 

 met with it here, in spite of this delightfully definite information. It is 

 interesting as the shrubby representative of the dotted-leaved St. 

 John's Worts. 



/ lOa. Tilia Americana (L.). Basswood or Linden. 



One of our commonest soft- wooded trees. The lumber is valuable and 

 the flowers yield much honey to the bees in early summer. Often 

 planted for ornament or shade, though rather apt to be broken by high 

 winds. 



lla. Xanthoxylum Americanum (Mill). Prickly Ash. 



Quite common in eastern and southern Ontario, but apparently more 

 rare in the northern and north-western districts. Its common name is 

 equally appropriate whether referring to the obvious prickles of twigs 

 and petioles or to the pungent taste of the bark and berries which has 

 given it a place in medicine. 



12a. Ptelea trifolidta (L.). Hop-tree. 



A small tree found only on the Lake Erie shore. The bitter fruit has 

 been made to do duty as " hops," and hence the name. 



13a. Hex verticilldta (Gray). Winterberry or American Holly. 



A very striking feature of the swamps in early winter, while the clus- 

 ters of bitter red fruit yet remain around the stems. The birds avail 

 themselves of the latter when better fare is denied them by the 

 snow, and it is credited with giving its peculiarly unpleasant flavor to 

 the flesh of grouse in December. 



14a. Nemopanthes Canadensis (D.C.) Mountain Holly. 



Like the last, this shrub is very common in the northern swamps. The 

 dark- red solitary fruit is equally bitter, but the leaves are usually 

 entire, or nearly so, with slender purplish petioles. 



15a. Celdstrus scdndens (L.). Climbing Bitter-sweet. Waxwork. Staff-tree. 



One of our best, or at any rate highest, climbing twiners, and 

 apparently common, at least in western Ontario. The red or orange 

 fruit is very conspicuous in autumn. 



16a. Eiionymus Americanus (L.), var. obovatus (T. &G.). Running Strawberry 

 Bush or Spindle-tree. 



Known by the four-angled twigs, which often rest upon the ground 

 and take root. Found only in the south-western peninsula. 



