OUR NATIVE TREES AND SHRUBS. 45 



27d. Rosa Carolina (L.). The Swamp Rose. 



This is the species which adorns the marshy shores of our lakes in 

 midsummer. Like its neighbor, the Button-bush, it seerns to thrive 

 best with its feet under water. Very plentiful around the northern 

 lakes, though extending south to Florida. 



27e. Rosa humilis (Marsh.). Dwarf Wild Rose. 



Low and bushy, with straight spines. This species, including a variety 

 with shining leaflets (R. lucida Ehrh.), is the commonest form, in 

 dry soil or among rocks. 



28a. Pyrus corondria (L.). American Crab-apple. 



Our only native representative of the true Apples. Though its fruit is 

 small and acid, this tree is by no means to be despised, for its " wealth 

 and beauty " of foliage, flower and fruit make it well worthy of cul- 

 tivation. The leaves are very irregular, being often distinctly lobed, 

 but always sharply serrate, and usually nearly smooth. It grows 

 wild in southern Ontario. 



28b. Pyrus arhutifdlia (L.). Red Chokeberry. 



A shrub growing in marshes, and along lakes and rivers. The leaves 

 are downy, and the very astringent fruit is red when ripe. 



28c. Pyrus arbutifolia, var. melanocdrpa (Hook). Black Chokeberry. 



This is apparently the northern form and resembles the last, but the 

 leaves are nearly smooth and the ripe fruit is black. Both forms are 

 marked by the small glandular bodies scattered along the midrib on the 

 upper surface of the leaves. Abundant in Muskoka. 



28d. Pyrus Americana (DC.). American Mountain Ash. 



Not so well known as its European relative, the Rowan-tree, but some- 

 times planted in its stead. It is quite common in cold northern woods, 

 and its fruit furnishes winter fare to non-migratory birds, such as the 

 Pine-grosbeak. 



28e. Pyrus sambucifolia (Cham, and Schl.). Western Mountain Ash. 



Still more northern than the last. A few years ago, Mr. Beadle, of 

 Toronto, in looking up material for the Vanderbilt Arboretum found a 

 few trees in a semi- wild state at Emsdale on the Northern Railway. 

 This is probably near the southern limit of the species. 



29a. Oiataegus coccinea (L.). Scarlet Hawthorn. Red Haw. 



This, with the two following species (which are sometimes considered 

 merely varieties of it), forms the greater part of the Hawthorns in the 

 east and north of the province. Professor Sargent is making a revision 

 of this genus, which is certainly in some confusion at present. The 

 classification followed here is mainly that of Britton and Brown. 



