

OUR NATIVE TREES AND SHRUBS. 49 



34 e. Cornus stolontfera (Michx.). Red Osier Dogwood. 



Growing in clumps in wet soil, and easily known by its bright red bark. 

 Fruit dull white. This species with ('. sericea furnished to the 

 Northern Indians a substitute for tobacco. 



34f. Cornus paniculdta (L'Her.). Panicled Dogwood. 



I have not seen this species in Muskoka, but it is very common in 

 eastern Ontario. It seems better adapted to dry soil and exposed 

 positions than any of its relatives. The fruit is white. 



34g. Cornus alternifolia (L.). Alternate-leaved Dogwood. 



A small tree or shrub, apparently common throughout Ontario. Dis- 

 tinguished from its nearest relatives by the greenish pale-striped bark 

 and alternate leaves, often with the margin somewhat irregular, as if 

 very finely toothed. Fruit deep blue. 



35a. Nyssa sylvdtica (Marsh.). Black or Sour Gum. Tupelo. Pepperidge. 



A southern tree found only along the Lake Erie shore. ' The bark is 

 rough and the soft wood resists all efforts at splitting. Related to the 

 Dogwoods, and especially C. cdternifolia. 



3(5a. Sambucus Canadensis (L.). Sweet Elder. 



Common in moist soil and along streams. This species is usually 

 described as nearly smooth, but in Muskoka at least it is very 

 markedly downy throughout the season. Known by the white pith of 

 the stems and the larger number of the leaflets, which often have at 

 their bases stipule-like growths, called stipels. Fruit nearly black, in 

 late summer. 



3(ib. Sambncus racemosa (L.). Red-berried Elder. 



Usually found in dryer soil than the last, and becoming almost a tree 

 in southern Ontario. The heart of the stems is brownish and the 

 leaflets are usually only five in number without stipels. Blossoms 

 about the end of April and ripens its red fruit in early summer. The 

 leaflets of both species are often again divided. 



37a. VibHrnum lantanoides (Michx). Hobble-bush. 



Common northward, and conspicuous by the clusters of white flowers 

 in spring and by the very large paired leaves on straggling stems. 

 Found always in shaded situations, and often confounded in name 

 with the Dogwoods. 



37b. V-ibfirnum Opulus (L.). High-bush Cranberry. 



The bright red, acid fruit of this species makes a substitute for the 

 Cranberry, and it is sometimes cultivated in moist gardens for this 

 purpose or for hedges. Plentiful in Ontario, and resembling the 

 maples, but easily distinguished by the glands and stipules of the 

 shorter petioles. 

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