56 SYLVAN ONTARIO. 



60c. Ulmus racembsa (Thomas). Cork or Rock Elm. 



Farmers and lumbermen distinguish two forms of this species, the 

 magnificent "Rock" Elm of the original woods and the second-growth 

 " Scrub " Elm in clearings and along fences, the former being respected 

 as one of our hardest and toughest woods. It may be known by the 

 corky ridges on the branches while the leaves are smaller and smoother 

 to the touch than those of the other species. 



61a. Celtis occidentdlis (L.). Nettle-tree. Sugar-berry. 



A small elm-like tree, found here and there in Ontario, but nowhere 

 plentiful. The net-veined leaves are sharply serrate toward the 

 tapering apex with the oblique base mostly entire. The cherry-like 

 black fruits appear singly in the axils of the leaves. 



62a. Humnlus lupulus (L.). Wild Hop. 



A native plant, found also in the Old World, and extensively cultivated 

 for its bitter hops. Though scattered over the Province it appears 

 not to be very plentiful except towards the north-west. 



63a. Morus rubra (L.). Red Mulberry. 



A native tree along the Lake Erie shore. The leaves are rough above 

 and very downy beneath, often lobed on young shoots. The clusters 

 of dark-red fruit are very pleasant to the taste. 



63b. Morns alba (L.). White Mulberry. 



Famous as the food of the silk-worm and now growing wild in some 

 districts of southern Ontario. The leaves are often oblique at base, on 

 slender petioles, with the surface smooth and shining, and often lobed 

 in various ways. 



64a. Platanus occidentalis (L.). Buttonwood. O >| o- G. rv\ ir e- 



This is probably our largest native tree, but is found only in the 

 south-western portion of the Province extending east as far as Toronto. 

 The leaves are very large and broad and the wood difficult to split. 

 The round heads of dry fruit remain throughout the winter. 



65a. Jnglans cinerea (L.). Butternut. 



A common tree in older Ontario but apparently not adapted to the 

 Laurentian districts. In Muskoka its northern limits appears to be 

 near the Severn River where it is very abundant. The large leaves are 

 quite downy and, like the bark, are fragrant. The fruit is too well 

 known to need mention. 



65b. Juglans nigra(L.). Black Walnut. 



A very valuable species, native in south-western Ontario and sometimes 

 planted on a large scale for its excellent brown timber. It has been 



