OUR NATIVE TREES AND SHRUBS. 59 



72a. Carplnus Carolinidna (Walter). Blue Beech. Water Beech. Hornbeam. 

 A small tree with ridged trunk, found in clumps in wet soil throughout 

 older Ontario. The smooth bark has some resemblance to that of the 

 Beech, but in leaves and fruit and wood it resembles very closely the 

 Iron wood. It enters Muskoka along the Severn River. 



73a. Quercus alba (L.). White Oak. 



A common tree, growing to a large size in the south, though generally 

 small in the north. Like all the White Oaks,. this species yields very 

 valuable timber. 



73b. Quercus macrocarpa (Michx.). Mossy-cup Oak. Blue Oak. 



This is the much-esteemed Blue Oak of farmers and lumbermen, and is 

 found in wet soil and along shores throughout the Province. The 

 leaves are hoary, with fine greyish wool beneath, and are generally 

 lobed deeply, especially near the middle. The large acorns with 

 fringed cups distinguish this species in autumn. 



73c. Quercus bicolor (Willd.). Swamp White Oak. 



Found mainly in the south in moist soil. The leaves are hoary 

 beneath, but the margins are wavy oftener than lobed. The acorns are 

 produced on long stems, and are quite edible. 



73d. Quercus prinus (L.). Rock Chestnut Oak. 



A large tree along the Lake Erie shore, with brown ridged bark. The 

 leaves have coarse rounded teeth and slender petioles, often an inch or 

 more in length. 



73e. Quercus qcuminata (Sarg.). Chestnut Oak or Yellow Oak. 



This species is also a southern form, and shows its close relation to the 

 Chestnut and even the Beech in the toothed and pointed leaves, which 

 are quite different from the lobed forms of the north. This tree has 

 rather narrow leaves, pale and downy beneath, with coarse hooked 

 teeth. Unlike the Chestnut, however, the leaves seldom exceed six 

 inches in length. 



73f. Quercus prinoides (Willd.). Scrub Chestnut Oak. 



A shrub closely related to the two preceding species and found along 

 Lake Ontario, as well as in the south-western peninsula. The leaves 

 have coarse teeth, mostly obtuse, but scarcely rounded. 



73g. Quercus rubra (L.) Red Oak. Black Oak. 



The commonest representative of the Red or Black Oaks, which include 

 this and the two following species, all being marked by the bristle- 

 'tipped lobes of the leaves, and acorns that require two seasons to 

 ripen. The timber is coarse-grained, and much inferior to that of the 

 white varieties. 



