OUR NATIVE TREES AND SHRUBS. 03 



78b. Pinus rigida (L.). Pitch Pine. 



A small tree with long leaves in bundles of three. Reported only 

 from the eastern districts along the St. Lawrence. 



78c. Pinus Banksidna (Lambert). Grey Pine. Scrub Pine. Jack Pine. 



This species is rather rare in older Ontario, but is abundant in the 

 north-western districts. With us it is a small tree, though much larger 

 towards the north-west. The short leaves grow in pairs, and the stout 

 curved cones cling for several years to the branches. Not uncommon 

 on the islands of Lake Muskoka. This is one of the pulp-wood trees 

 of great future value to New Ontario. 



78d. Pinus resindsa (Ait.) Red Pine. Norway Pine. 



Less common and less valuable than the White Pine, though found in 

 nearly the same localities in poor soil. The lumber is culled along 

 with inferior qualities of the white species with which it is cut, though 

 preferred for building purposes when great strength is required. The 

 tree is easily known by the long half-round leaves growing in pairs, 

 and by the reddish bark. 



79a. Picea nigra (Link.) Black Spruce. 



This is the swamp Spruce, while the next seems to prefer the more 

 open woods. The cones of this species remain through the winter, 

 and are shorter (about one inch or less) and stouter, often with a 

 purplish tinge. 



79b. Picea alba (Link.). White Spruce. 



This species and the last are the great pulp-wood trees of northern 

 Ontario. They are not easily distinguished by the leaves alone, 

 though in the present species these are usually longer and paler. The 

 twigs, which in the last are finely downy, are here quite smooth, and 

 the cones are commonly about two inches long and pale, or somewhat 

 brownish in color. 



80a. Tsnya Canadensis (Carr. ). Hemlock. Hemlock Spruce. 



A large tree found commonly in moist woods. The timber is not 

 highly valued, although large quantities are cut yearly for the bark, 

 which is used extensively in tanning. The leaves are flat and pale 

 beneath on short slanting petioles. 



81a. Abies balsdmea (Miller). Balsam Fir. Canada Balsam. 



A slender and graceful tree in moist soil, and often planted for orna- 

 ment. It is distinguished from the Spruces by the flattened leaves, 

 which appear to grow from opposite sides of the twigs, as in the 

 Hemlock. The soft gum which forms in "blisters" on the bark is 

 valued as a healing ointment, and yields the "Canada Balsam," 

 used as a transparent cement for microscopical slides, etc. 



