64 SYLVAN ONTARIO. 



82a. Ldrix Americana (Michx.). Larch or Tamarac. 



The Tamarac is peculiar among our cone-bearing trees from its habit of 

 shedding the needle-like leaves in late autumn, along with the broad- 

 leaved species. Its resinous wood is harder than in the evergreen 

 species and is more durable, whether as timber or fuel. The sombre 

 " Tamarac Swamp " is a common feature of our landscapes. 



83a. Thuya occidentdlis (L.). White Cedar. 



A very common tree in swamps, with light timber, valued for posts, 

 etc., being very durable underground. The small leaves are shingled 

 in four rows on the slender flat twigs and resemble no other species 

 except the Red Cedar, which has square twigs and some of its leaves 

 awl-shaped and prickly. 



84a. Juniperus communis (Linn.). Common Juniper. 



The typical Juniper is an erect shrub or small tree, found throughout 

 Ontario, but not plentiful. The common form (var. alpina Linn.) grows 

 in dense round patches in poor and dry soil, and is seldom over three 

 feet in height. It is marked by the stout sharp-pointed leaves 

 arranged in circles of three around the stems and often quite pale 

 on the upper surface. 



84b. Juniperus Sabina (L.), var. procumbent (Pursh.). Low Red Cedar. 



A low shrub usually creeping or straggling on sandy shores. The 

 leaves are very much as -in the next and the distinction is mainly in 

 size and habit. 



84c. Juniperus Virginidna, (L.). Red Cedar. Savin. 



A shrub or low tree, with aromatic red wood, found commonly in dry 

 soil on shores and islands. The small Hat leaves are shingled on 

 slender four-sided twigs, but those on young shoots are often awl- 

 shaped and opposite with spiny points. The wood is used for making 

 pencils. 



85a. Tdxus baccdta (L.), var. Canadense (Gray.). Ground Hemlock. 



A low shrub in moist woods or swamps. The leaves resemble those of 

 the Hemlock, but are sharply pointed and not whitened beneath. The 

 fruit is red and berry-like, enclosing a single seed. 



86a. Smilax quadranguldris fWilld.). Green Brier. Cat Brier. 



A southern form found only along the Lake Erie shore and known by 

 the stout prickles and the few- veined leaves. This species and the 

 next are interesting as our representatives of the woody endogens 

 which are so highly developed in tropical regions. 



86b'. Smilax hispida (Muhl.). Bristly Smilax. 



A somewhat woody climber with the stem thickly armed by straight 

 bristles. The veins of the leaves, usually seven in number, run from 

 end to end, and the petioles have often a pair of tendrils which are 

 apparently stipules. The leaf-margins are sometimes finely toothed. 

 This form is common throughout the province and plentiful in Muskoka. 



