DBH BZPnOl "I i \i- PRODUCTS. 23 



\ r ery weak alkaline solution* stimulate the motions of se 



filament.-* ; n the contrary, acid-, even when they an- very dilute, 

 produce death. Accordingly the motion bGOOmefl more li\ely in ;ill 

 animal lluids uf alkaline reaction. wfceVMS in acid >olut ions it soon 

 dies out. 



HISTORY. Tlic discovery that egg and .-emiiial lil .inx-nt are simple cells is 



-reaching import for tin- comprehension 'f tli whole pp. 



ment. In order to appreciate this to its full extent, it will he IP- . 

 make a digression into the hiMorirai fit-Id. Sucli a digression will I 

 with some fundamental transformations, whic'.i have Mflactod OUT OOHOeptiOU Of 

 tlie es-entials of developmental proiv 



In the last ci-ntury, and even in the beginning of l II about the 



nature of the sexual products were very indict inet. The nm-t distiniri; 

 anatomists and physiologists were of opinion that eggs agreed in their sir . 

 in every particular with the grown-up organism, and therefore that they 

 possessed from the beginning the same organs in the -:\.me position and con- 

 nection as the latter, only in an extraordinarily diminutive condition. Hut in- 

 asmuch as it was not possible, with the microscopes of the time, actually to see 

 and demonstrate in the eggs at the beginning of their development the assumed 

 organs, recourse was had to the hypothesis that the separate parts.su. 



as system, glands, bones, etc., must be present, not only in a very diminu- 

 tive, but also in a transparent condition. 



In order to make the process more intelligible, the origin of the blossoms of 

 plants from their buds was cited as an illustrative example. .Just asalv 

 in a small bud all the parts of the flower, such as stamen.s and coloured petals, 

 uveloped by the green and still unopened sepals, ju.-t as the parts grow 

 in concealment and then suddenly expand into a blossom, so also in tl 

 velopment of animals it was thought that the already present but small and 

 1 1 ansparent parts grow, gradually expand, and become discernible. The doctrine 

 which has just been outlined was consequently called the Theory of unfoldiny, 

 or evolution. However, a more appropriate designation for it is the one intro- 

 duced during recent decennia j> reformat ion theory. For the characte: 

 feature of this doctrine is, that at no instant of development is there anything 

 new formed, but rather that every part is present from the beginning. 



Miu-d, and consequently that the renj twin-r- of' <li ><!, >jiineiit tlie be- 

 coming is denied. "There is no such thing as becoming !" is the way 



:uents of Physiology " by HALLMU. " No part in the animal 

 body was formed before another; all were created at the >ame time." 



At the necessary consequence, of a rigid adherence to the pre format ion t: 

 it follows, and indeed was formulated by I.KIUMI/.. I! M.U.I:. ;<.:. : < ': n, that 

 in any germ the germs of all subsequent offspring must be established or 

 included, since the animal species are develo; one another in un- 



inteirupted sequence. In the extension of this box-irithin-box do,-- 

 (Ei<nschac1i1cht>xjslfhrc) its expounde . far as to compute how many 



human germs at the least were concent i at ed in the , and 



thereby arrived at the number L'00,000 millions. 



The evolution theory offered a point of attack for a scientific feud, inasmuch 

 as every individual among the higher organisms is developed by means of the 

 cooperation of t \Vh.-n, theiefore, the seminal filament as 



