LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 



no. PAGK 



1. Apparatus used to show Expansion of a Heated Rod .... 3 



2. Gauge into which Bar fits only when Cold 3 



3. Boiling-Point Apparatus 5 



4. Calibration of a Thermometer 6 



5. Joule's Observations on the Alteration of the Freezing-Point in Thermo- 



meters 8 



6. Six's Thermometer 13 



7. Constant Temperature Apparatus 14 



8. Thermostat . 15 



9. Early Apparatus for Measuring the Linear Expansion of a Rod . 17 



10. Ramsden's Expansion Apparatus 



11. Measurements made in Ramsden's Apparatus 



12. Diagram of Expansion Apparatus at the Bureau International . . 



13. Diagram of Expansion Apparatus of Lavoisier and Laplace . . 



14. Mirror Method of Reading Deflections 



15. Diagram of Fizeau's Expansion Apparatus 



16. Methods of Providing for Expansion in Rods working Railway Points 



17. Compensation Measuring Bar 



18. Principle of Gridiron Pendulum of Iron and Brass Bars 



19. Gridiron Pendulum of Two Metals '. 



20. Compensating Balance for Chronometers 



21. U-Tube Hydrometer 



22. Diagram of Regnault's First Apparatus for the Expansion of Mercury 



23. Regnault's Second Apparatus for the Expansion of Mercury . . 



24. Graphic Method of Determining Results 



18 

 19 

 20 

 21 

 22 

 23 

 25 

 26 

 26 

 27 

 27 

 30 

 31 

 32 

 33 



25. Callendar's Apparatus for the Expansion of Mercury 34 



26. Dilatometer 37 



27. Hope's Apparatus 37 



28. Indications of Thermometers in Hope's Apparatus 38 



29. Joule and Playfair's Apparatus for Maximum Density of Water . . 38 



30. Density-Temperature Curve of Water 39 



31. Curve of Expansion of Water 39 



32. Flask Thermoscope to show Expansion of Gases 41 



33. Gay-Lussac's Apparatus for Determining the Expansion of Gases at 



Constant Pressure ........... 42 



34. Reguault's Apparatus for Determining the Expansion of Gases at Constant 



Pressure 43 



35. Regnault's Apparatus for Determining the Expansion of Gases at Constant 



Pressure 43 



36. Regnault's Apparatus for Determining the Expansion of Gases at Constant 



Pressure 44 



37. Simple Air Thermometer 49 



37a. Bottomley's Air Thermometer ......... 50 



38. Callendar's Compensated Air Thermometer 50 



39. Circulation of Water in Heated Flask ........ 53 



40. Boiling Water by Convection 53 



41. Boiling Water when Circulation and Convection are Prevented . . 54 



42. Principle of Hot Water Heating Systems 54 



43. Diagram to Illustrate Production of Ocean Currents by Heat ... 55 



44. Isobars and Winds in a Cyclone 58 



45. Cyclone Prognostics 59 



46. Progress of a Cyclone 60 



xiii 



