18 



STRENGTH OF MATERIALS 



YOUNG'S MODULUS OF ELASTICITY 



Limiting values of E 

 Ib./in.z 



Average values 



ll> ./in.* 



Steel 27,000,000-31,000,000 



Iron, wrought .... 23,000,000-30,000,000 28,000,000 



"cast 10,000,000-15,000,000 li.'.'">o,000 



Brass, cast 9,000,000 - 10,000,000 9,600,000 



" ' drawn 12,000,000 - 17,000,000 14,600,000 



Copper, cast 11,000,000 - 13,000,000 12,000,000 



drawn .... 12,000,000-18,000,000 16,000,000 



Granite 6,000,000 6,000,000 



Timber 1,200,000- 2,200,000 1,700,000 



MODULUS OF ELASTICITY OF sill \K 



Limiting values of O Average mine* 



ll../in. lb./in. 



Steel 10,600,000-12,600,000 1 1 . .M W,000 



Iron, wrought .... 9,000,000-12,000,000 10,000,000 



" cast 4,000,000- 6,000,000 1,000,000 



Brass wire 4,000,000- 6,800,000 6,000,000 



Copper wire 6,000,000- 7,000,000 6,000,000 



Iron wire 10,000,000-14,000,000 IJ..NM, ,. 



Granite 1,800,000 1,800,000 



Timber 100,000- 170,000 Ilo.OOO 



ULTIMATE TF..NMU: STRENGTH 



Limiting value* Average vahtW 



Ib./ln.' lb./in 



Steel, hard 150,000-830,000 840,000 



" mild 60,000- 70,000 66,000 



" cast 33,000- 90,000 66,000 



Iron, wrought $ 44,000 - 64,000 < iOO 



" cast 13,000- 36,000 



Brass, rolled 33,000- 63,000 |;;..H. 



" cast '-'I'. -".<K)0 



Copper, rolled 29,000- 36,000 0,000 



" cast 18,000 - 26,000 



Steel wire, ordinary .... 160,000 160,000 



" " pianoforte . . . 265,000-330,000 800,000 



Iron wire, hard drawn . . . 80,000-120,000 KNMNNI 

 " u annealed .... 60,000- 60,000 



Brass wire, hard drawn . . . 60,000 - 160,000 



Copper wire, hard drawn . . 60,000 - 70,000 65^000 



" annealed . . . 40,000- 44,000 42*000 



Timber 5,000- 16,000 



