36 AUSTRALIAN WEATlII.lt. 



usual of a pampero which found its way so far north owing to 

 the immense width and openness of the river Plate Valley, of 

 which river both the Paraguay and Parana are confluents. The 

 pamperos are mostly felt at the mouth of the River Plate, where 

 by their violence they often cause considerable damage to shipping. 

 If they are not recorded further south, it is because there are no 

 ports on the east coast nor inhabitants or towns where their 

 recurrence could be noted. 



" In the southern States of Brazil, they are frequently felt, and 

 a friend of mine who has just arrived from Rio Grande du Sul, 

 the most southerly state of Brazil, tells me they occur mostly in 

 the winter months (my friend was asked to verify this statement 

 and his reply will be found further 'on. H.A.H.), from April to 

 November. He says they are preceded always by three days 

 rain, which, when over, is immediately followed by the pampero, 

 coming from what he called the south-south-west or nearly due 

 south. They last then for nearly three days and blow with great 

 violence and low temperature. My informant goes on to say, 

 from his own experience, that the pampero does not get so far 

 north on the coast, although, as I have told you, in the interior 

 it does seem to penetrate. There are high ranges of mountains 

 south of Rio de Janeiro which would, I have 110 doubt, have the 

 effect of breaking up and deflecting any part of the pampero 

 which might go there." 



The friend's account is as follows : " Pamperos proper occur in 

 the winter, say from the end of May till October, and generally 

 last three days. Occasionally in the summer time we have, in 

 Rio Grande, smart breezes from the south-west after rain, but 

 they do not last long, and although they come from the same 

 quarter and cool the atmosphere wonderfully, are not called 

 pamperos. While the pampero is blowing the sky is beautifully 

 clear and cloudless. Occasionally in the summer in Rio Grande 

 when the weather is very sultry, it breaks by a squall suddenly 

 setting up from the west by south-west, and though the sky was 

 clear ten minutes before, you can see the cloud roll forming in 



