LEGEND OF THE RED PIPE. 127 



ever visited the Red Pipe-stone Quarry, which is situated 

 amongst the upper waters of Missouri. Catlin gives the 

 following legend as the Indian version of the birth of the 

 mysterious red pipe : 



" The Great Spirit, at an ancient period, here called together 

 the Indian warriors, and standing on the precipice of the 

 red pipe-stone rock, broke from its wall a piece, and made 

 a huge pipe by turning it in his hand, which he smoked over 

 them, and to the north, the south, the east and the west; 

 and told them that this stone was red, that it was their flesh, 

 that they must use it for their pipes of peace, that it belonged 

 to them all, and that the war club and the scalping knife 

 must not be raised on its ground. At the last whiff of his 

 pipe his head went into a great cloud, and the whole surface 

 of the rock for several miles was melted and glazed. Two 

 great ovens were opened beneath, and two women, guardian 

 spirits of the place, entered them in a blaze of fire, and they 

 are heard there yet, answering to the invocations of the 

 priests and medicine-men." 



At the pipe-stone quarry there is a row of five huge, 

 granite boulders, which the Indians regard with great 

 reverence, and when they visit the spot to secure some red 

 stone to make pipes, they seek to propitiate the guardian 

 spirits by throwing plugs of Tobacco to them. Some admi- 

 rable pieces of pipe-sculpture are produced by the Boheen 

 Indians, who are found on the coast of the Pacific to the south 

 of the Russians. These pipes are made from a soft blue clay 

 stone which is found only in slabs, and the sculptures are 

 wrought on both sides, the pipes being generally covered with 

 singular groups of human and animal forms, grotesquely 

 intermingled. 



The Chippewas are also celebrated for their pipes, which 

 are cut out of a close-grained stone of a dark color ; and Pro- 

 fessor "Wilson, of Toronto, states that Pobahmesad, or the 

 Flier, one of the famed pipe-sculptors, resides on the Great 

 Manitoulin Island in Lake Huron. The old Chippewa has 

 never deviated from the faith of his fathers, as he still adheres 

 to all their rites and ceremonies. He uses the red pipe-stone 

 and other materials in the production of his pipes, which are 

 ingenious specimens of sculpture. The calumet, or pipe of 



