THE WAR PIPE. 139 



above the hatchet the handle serving as a pipe-stem and used 

 for either pipe or tomahawk. Many varieties of Indian 

 Pipes have been 

 found not only in 

 the Western and 

 Southern mounds 

 but in Mexico and 

 Central America. 

 Fine specimens are 

 found in Florida 

 and some elabo- 

 rately carved have 

 been unearthed in 

 Virginia. Wilson 

 says of the pipes A WAR PIPE - 



used by the Indians : " The pipe stem is one of the charac- 

 teristics of modern race, if not distinctive of the Northern 

 tribes of Indians." In alluding to the pipes more particularly 

 he says : " Specimens of another Glass of clay pipes of a larger 

 size, and with a tube of such length as obviously to be 

 designed for use without the addition of a "pipe-stem," 

 most of the ancient clay pipes that have been discovered are 

 stated to have the same form ; and this, it may be noted, 

 bears so near a resemblance to that of the red clay pipe used 

 in modern Turkey, with the cherry-tree pipe stem, that it 

 might be supposed to have furnished the model. 



The bowls of this class of ancient clay pipes are n.ot of 

 the miniature proportions which induce a comparison between 

 those of Canada and the early examples found in Britain ; 

 neither do the stone pipe-heads of the mound-builders suggest 

 by the size of the bowl either the self-denying economy of 

 the ancient smoker, or" his practice of the modern Indian 

 mode of exhaling the fumes of the tobacco, by which so 

 small a quantity suffices to produce the full narcotic effects 

 of the favorite weed. They would rather seem to confirm 

 the indications derived from the other sources, of an essential 

 difference between the ancient smoking usages of Central 

 America and of the mound-builders, and those which are 



