SMOKING IN RUSSIA. 143 



the Ice Cape to Bristol Bay, to send their produce from hand 



to hand as far as the 

 Guosden Islands in 

 Behrings Straits, where 

 it is bartered for the to- 

 bacco of the Tchuktchi, 

 and there again princi- 

 pally resort to the fair of 

 Ostrownoje to purchase 

 A TCHUKTCHI pira. tobacco from the Eus- 



sians. Generally the Tchuktchi receive from the Americans 

 as money skins for half a pondj or eighteen pounds of 

 tobacco leaves as they afterwards sell to the Russians for two 

 ponds of tobacco of the same quality. 



The Russians also are great lovers of the weed. A writer 

 says : 



"Everybody smokes, men, women, and children. They 

 smoke Turkish tobacco, rolled in silk paper seldom cigars 

 or pipes. These rolls are called parporos. The ladies almost 

 all smoke, but they smoke the small, delicate sizes of parporos, 

 while the gentlemen smoke larger ones. Always at morning, 

 noon and night, comes the inevitable box of parporos, and 

 everybody at the table smokes and drinks their coffee at the 

 same time. On the cars are fixed little cups for cigar ashes 

 in every seat. Ladies frequently take out their part parporos, 

 and hand them to the gentlemen with a pretty invitation to 

 smoke. Instead of having a smoking car as we do, they have 

 a car for those who are so '' pokey ' as not to smoke." 



Throughout the German States the custom of smoking 

 is universal and tobacco enters largely into their list of 

 expenditures. A writer says of smoking in Austria: 



"We have been rather surprised to find so few persons 

 smoking pipes in Austria. Indeed, a pipe is seldom seen 

 except among the laboring classes. The most favorite mode 

 of using the weed here is in cigarettes, almost every gentle- 

 man being provided with a silver box, in which they have 

 Turkish tobacco and small slips of paper, with mucilage on 

 them ready for rolling. They make them as they use them, 

 and are very expert in the handling of the tobacco. The 



