14:8 EARLY MANUFACTURE OF PIPES. 



these ancient pipes are formed of very fine clay and although 

 they held but a small quantity of tobacco were doubtless 

 considered to be fine specimens in their time. 



The manufacture of pipes commenced soon after the 

 custom of using tobacco had become fashionable and soon 

 after the Virginians commenced its cultivation. Fairholt 

 says: 



" The early period at which tobacco pipes were first manu- 

 factured, is established by the fact that the incorporation of 

 the craft of tobacco-pipe makers took place on the 5th of 

 October, 1619. Their privileges extending through the 

 cities of London and Westminster, the kingdom of England 



OLD ENGLISH PIPES. 



and dominion of Wales. They have a Master, four Wardens, 

 and about twenty-four Assistants. They were first incorpo- 

 rated by King James in his seventeenth year, confirmed 

 again by King Charles L, and lastly on the twenty-ninth of 

 April in the fifteenth year of King Charles II., in all the 

 privileges of their aforesaid charters. 



"The London Company of Tobacco Pipe Makers was 

 incorporated in the reign of Charles II (1663) ; it had no 

 hall and no livery but was governed by a Master two wardens, 

 and eighteen assistants. The first pipes used in the British 

 Islands were made of silver while t ordinary ones ' were made 

 of a walnut shell and a straw. Afterwards appeared the 

 more common clay pipes in various forms and which are in 

 use at the present time." 



During the reign of Anne and George I. the pipes assumed 

 a different form and greater length so long were the stems of 

 some of them that they were called yards of clay. The 

 French pipe is one of the finest manufactured and is made of 

 a fine red clay especially those made by Fiolet of St. Omer, 

 one of the best designers of pipes. Many of these like 

 German pipes are made of porcelain, adorned with portraits 



