FRENCH PIPES. 149 



and landscapes. Others are made of rare kinds of wood 

 turned in the lathe or artistically carved, and lined with clay 

 to resist the action of fire. 



The French also make pipes of agate, amber, crystal, car- 

 nelian and ivory, as well as the various kinds of pure or 

 mixed metals. Many of the French and German pipes while 

 they are beautiful in design and made of the most costly 

 materials are often exceedingly grotesque, representing often 

 the most ludicrous scenes and all possible attitudes. Many 

 of them have been termed as satirical pipes taking off some 

 public character a la Nast. 



Fairholt says of satirical pipes : 



" England has occasioned the production of one satirical 

 pipe for sale among ourselves. The late Duke of Wellington 

 toward the close of his life, took a strong dislike to the use of 

 tobacco in the army, and made some ineffectual attempts to 

 suppress it. Benda, a wholesale pipe importer in the city 

 employed Dumeril, of St. Omer, to commemorate the event, 

 and the result was a pipe head, in which a subaltern, pipe in 

 hand, quietly 'takes a sight' at the great commander who is 

 caricatured after a fashion that must have made the work a 

 real pleasure to a Frenchman." Many of the French pipes 

 are exceedingly quaint representing all manner of comical 

 scenes. One is formed like a steam-engine the smoke pass- 



FRENCH PIPES. 



ing through the funnel. Another is fashioned after a potato 

 or a turnip while others often represent some military 

 subjects. In England and Ireland also pipes of a whimsical 

 form are common. 



