164: ANCIENT HABIT OF SMOKING. 



through a stick from which the pith had been removed, the 

 bowl being formed of a lump of clay moulded by the lingers 



at the time, and 

 baked in the house- 

 hold fire. 



"The small branch 

 es of the elder tree, 01 

 sometimes the stem 

 o f the briar and 

 bramble, are what I 

 have seen used, but 



CLAY AU REED PIPES. 6V6n tllG StClIl of tllG 



hemlock and keckse 

 are sometimes brought into requisiton for the purpose. 



u I believe that long before the time Dr. Wilson states on 

 the authority of Sharpe, that it was common within memory, 

 for the old wives of Annandale to smoke a dried white moss 

 gathered on the neighboring moors, which they declared to 

 be much sweeter than tobacco, and to have been in use 

 long before the American weed was heard of ; before Sir 

 Walter Raleigh wooed and won Elizabeth Throgmorton, or 

 Sir Richard Granville voyaged to Virginia with Masters 

 Ralph Layne, Thomas Candish, John Arundell, Master 

 Stately, Bremize, Yincent, Heryot, and John Clarke; before 

 Sir Francis Drake made his first voyage, or the Spanish 

 Armada was dreamed of ; before Sir John Hawkins, Captain 

 Price, Coft, Keat or others for whom the honor of the 

 introduction of tobacco has been claimed, drew breath 

 smoking was to some extent indulged in by our forefathers 

 and (still medicinally, of course) in this country. In mediae- 

 val times, when the Ceramic art was but little practiced, and 

 when all the domestic vessels that were produced were of 

 the rudest and coarsest character both in material, form, and 

 decoration, it is not to be expected that pipes for the smok- 

 ing of herbs would be manufactured as a matter of sale, and 

 those of the people who wished for such an indulgence would 

 naturally be thrown on their own primitive resources such as 

 I have described, for instruments for the purpose. 



"A portion of a very rude pipe-head, formed of common 

 red clay a lump of clay moulded by hand, and ornamented 

 with small circles pressed into it as from the end of a stick 

 has come under my notice, as have also others of an equally 

 primitive character, found in different parts of this kingdom. 

 These I have no hesitation in ascribing to a pre-Raleigh 



