8 TOWEXS AND TANA'S FOX WATER-WORKS. 



150,686 U. S. gallons of water. The average normal pressure 

 is found to be 62.1 Ibs. per sq. inch along the distributing 

 system, and this pressure is increased in times of emergency 

 to 104 Ibs. 



The pressure 62. I, under daily conditions, is equivalent to 

 143.5 ft. head, therefore the typical stand-pipe has been 

 erected upon some convenient elevation 80.8 ft. above the 

 general points of distribution. These figures have a peculiar 

 interest in that the pressures determined represent those se- 

 cured by actual design, independent, as is frequently the case 

 with earth and masonry dams and reservoirs, of natural loca- 

 tions. It should be remarked that the compilation includes, 

 under the head of stand-pipes, only cylindrical metallic struc- 

 tures, unsupported except by foundations, but all such have 

 been incorporated in the summation and average, whether 

 intended for storage, regulation, or both combined. 



Eccentricity of Design. In the compilation of the fore- 

 going table, the author was much interested in the special 

 features of individual stand-pipes and tanks, where considerable 

 eccentricity and lack of uniformity exists, as will be shown by 

 the following two examples: 



The tank of greatest capacity to this date in the United 

 States is that erected at Greenwich, Conn., designed by Mr. 

 Wm. S. Bacot, C.E., and erected in 1889 at a cost of $12,000, 

 including painting and foundations. This tank is of wrought 

 iron, of 45,000 Ibs. specified tensile strength. It is So ft. 

 in diameter by 35 ft. in height, and is capable of containing 

 1,319,472 U. S. gallons. The thickness of plates composing 

 the tank are as follows: bottom, T 5 C in. ; the 1st ring is \ in. 

 and the top rings J in. iron. The joints are fastened with 

 butt-straps. The structure is erected upon a concrete foun- 

 dation, presumably without anchorage. 



In comparison with this colossus, may be cited a stand- 

 pipe designed and erected in 1876, at Winona, Minnesota, 



