ANCIENT AND MODERN WORKS. 1$ 



hydrographer, U. S. Geological Survey, Lawrence, Kan., as- 

 cribed failure to (i) weak angle iron connecting bottom and 

 first course; (2) cast-iron brackets for securing pipe and founda- 

 tion not long and strong enough; (3) fastening of guy-rods weak. 

 The angle iron cracked four years after construction, or about 

 1891, and four of six brackets broke legs. Brackets repaired 

 with strap iron and soldered up. About two and one-half years 

 before wreck, new section of angle iron inserted. At time of 

 wreck, crack appeared on north side of angle iron and increased 

 in size for one and one-quarter hours, until 5 feet long, with 

 water rapidly escaping. Then angle iron (90 feet from base), 

 to which north guy was attached, gave way and pipe fell to south- 

 west. Pipe was then about one-quarter full and both} pumps 

 running. The bottom angle broke at the angle all the way round, 

 except where new piece had been inserted, and here the first 

 course of side plates failed along the rivets. All cast-iron brackets 

 broke. (Abstract Engineering News, Oct. i, 1896.) As the local 

 weather observer was not supplied with instruments for measuring 

 the intensity of the wind, its velocity at the time of the acci- 

 dent cannot be ascertained. The material nsed was wrought 

 iron. Designing Engineer, J. W. Uier, Kansas City, Mo. Con- 

 tractors, Palmer dr 9 Son, Kansas City. 



Cortland, N. Y., Sept. 29, 1896. Iron stand-pipe, f-in. 

 plate at top indented by wind about its top. W nd, estimated 

 velocity 80 miles an hour; 22 feet of water in lank at time of 

 accident, and extended 2 feet above dented portion of tank. 

 Size 40X40; water- works built in 1884. There was at the time 

 of the accident no angle iron used for stiffening. After the 

 accident the broken plates were removed, the bent portion pulled 

 back to shape with a block and tackle. A patch replaced the 

 broken plate, and an angle iron was riveted inside of the top 

 of the tank. Four steel guys were led over the top of the tank 

 to stone posts firmly set in the ground. (Abstract of Engineering 

 News, Nov. 8, 1896.) Win. B. Landreth, C.E. 



