SHOP-PRACTICE AND ERECTION. 281 



washers of the rods are then carefully levelled and the rods 

 plumbed, generally with a line and bob, after which the 

 masonry is commenced and continued to completion, the 

 tubes remaining in place until that time, when they are with- 

 drawn, leaving a space about the anchor-rod, which allows 

 slight adjustment of the rod to suit the connection when 

 placed. 



Upon the completion of the masonry, the templet and 

 braces are removed, the rods tested and adjusted, and the 

 spaces about them filled with cement grout, as thick as can 

 be poured. 



All series of levels taken should be carefully recorded, and 

 should refer to a permanent ' 4 bench-mark " or datum. In 

 this way, any irregularity during construction may be cor- 

 rected and any subsequent settlement may be noted. 



In the foundations for the usual tower, the templet for the 

 rods and tubes is generally formed of a single plank, thick 

 enough to prevent sagging, and which is accurately placed 

 across the foundation-pit, buried flush with the earth, and 

 frequently fastened or staked down to prevent disturbance. 

 The rods are passed through suitable holes bored in this 

 plank, levelled and plumbed. It is hardly necessary to re- 

 mark that each of these foundation-pits require a separate 

 plank. 



Preliminaries to Erection of Stand-pipes. The founda- 

 tions being ready to receive the superstructure, provision 

 should be made for carefully unloading the material upon its 

 arrival, for which purpose, ordinarily, a short " gin-pole," 

 with a metal hook or rope sling at its top, and guyed in a 

 vertical position and adjacent to the transfer track is found 

 convenient. 



Great care should be taken to prevent bending any of 

 the sections or rubbing or scratching the surface which 

 should have been primed. 



