Elms 



are called deliquescent. 

 In other kinds of trees 

 the trunk extends to 

 the top of the tree. 

 These trees are called 

 excurrent. The pine 

 (page 1 29) is an example 

 of a tree of this kind. 



Examine an elm tree. 

 Is it of the deliques- 

 cent or excurrent type ? 

 Note that the lower 

 branches are drooping, 

 those midway up the 

 tree are horizontal, and 

 those in the top of the 

 tree . ascending. By 

 this arrangement all the leaves are exposed to the light. 



Position of leaves in the crown of a tree. If you stand 

 under a young Norway maple or other tree that has a 

 dense head of foliage, and look up, you may be surprised 

 to see how scanty the foliage is except near the outside 

 of the head. Such trees have a dense layer of leaves on 

 the outer branches, and these cut off the light from the 

 bases of the branches so that few or no leaves are found 

 in the inner part of the crown. Other kinds of trees 

 have open crowns; the outer branches stand apart so 

 that the sunlight penetrates to the heart of the crown. 

 Such trees have leaves near the trunk and on twigs 

 springing from the bases of the large branches. .To 

 which of these types of trees does the elm belong ? 



FIG. 24. American elm near Mumford, 

 New York. 



