CONTENTS 



! V..I 



INTRODUCTION THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF TUNNEL BUILD- 

 ING ix 



CHAPTER 



I. PRELIMINARY CONSIDERATIONS ; CHOICE BETWEEN A TUNNEL 

 ANI> \N OI-KN CUT; METHOD AND PURPOSE OF GEOLOGICAL 



SURVEYS 1 



II. METHODS OK DETERMINING THE CENTER LINE AND FORMS AND 



DIMENSIONS OF CK" *M.' i ION 9 



III. EXCAVATING MACHINES AND KOCK DRILLS; EXPLOSIVES AND 



BLASTING 19 



IV. GENERAL METHODS OF EXCAVATION; SHAFTS; CLASSIFICATION 



OF TUNNELS 32 



V. METHODS OF TIMBERING OR STRUTTING TUNNELS 4$ 



VI. METHODS OK HAULING IN TUNNELS 55 



VII. TYPES OF CENTERS AND MOLDS EMPLOYED IN CONSTRUCTING 



TUICNEI, LININGS OF MASONRY 62 



VIII. METHODS OK LINING TUNNELS 0g 



I/ IX Tl NNELS THROUGH HARD KoCK; GENERAL DISCUSSION; EXCA- 



VATION in DRIFTS; MONT CENIS TUNNEI 71> 



X. TUNM.I* THROUGH HARD U<M K (continued); THE SIMPLON 



TUNNEI 94 



XI. TUNNELS THROUGH HARD HOCK (continued) ; EXCAVATION BY 



HEADINGS; ST. (IOTHAKD TUNNKI.; Hi -K TUNNKI 114 



XII. Ki. 1-1:1 M.NTATIVK MECHANICAL INSTALLATIONS FOR TUNNEL 



WORK 124 



\f XIII. EXCAVATINI. TuxMI- I II I.-. >i .. II S.,|| (otoiM. ; <iiMl:\l l)|g- 

 CL'SSION ; Till. HM..IVN MIIIIC.I, . . . . 



XIV. TMK GERMAN METHOD OF EXCAVATIV. I i N\KL* THKOUGH 



SOFT <ii...iM.; BALTIMORE BELT-LINK TUNNEL 145 



XV. THE Fi I.I.-SK, n,.v MIIII.,I> OK Ti NNKI.IN.. ; KNOI.ISH METHOD, 



Af-ll:l\N Mi I n.. I. 15(J 



V 



