TUNNELING 



the pumps had been permanently placed so as to take care of 

 the water, an examination of the work was made. It was found 

 that the water was coming from the north, and with the hope 

 of avoiding the difficulties of the old heading, it was decided to 

 make a detour of the south. On April 16 work was begun at 

 .a point about 90 ft. back from the face, and deflecting the line 

 about 38 toward the south. About 38 ft. from the angle of 

 junction a brick bulkhead with two 8-in. openings was built 



FIG. 120. Sketch showing underground stream. Milwaukee Water- Works Tunnel. 



Into the new bore. The work progressed successfully for about 

 75 ft., when water was again encountered ; and upon pushing 

 forward the heading, gravel and sand came in such quantities 

 :that it was found impracticable to continue the work further. 

 On June 1 the bulkhead was permanently closed, and the work 

 in this direction was abandoned. 



A further and closer examination was now made of the 

 'heading first abandoned. Upon breaking through the rock-like 

 clay it was found that the water came from an underground 



