CONCLUSION 99 



men look like each other, act like each other, and 

 speak the same language. So do Frenchmen and 

 Swedes and Chinese. Every people is peculiar. 

 This is not the result of accident or agreement, 

 but the result of law. Mongolians do not all have 

 short heads, yellow faces, slanting eyes, and promi- 

 nent malars because they have agreed to have 

 them, but as a result of a common pedigree. 

 Similarity of structure implies commonalty of 

 origin, and commonalty of origin means consan- 

 guinity. 



And this is true whether you contemplate the 

 featural resemblances of brothers and sisters of 

 the same human parent, or those more funda- 

 mental characteristics which distinguish species, 

 orders, and sub-kingdoms. All animals are com- 

 posed of protoplasm, which is a compound of 

 clay, because all animals are descended from the 

 same first parents, protoplasmic organisms evolved 

 out of the elemental ooze. All vertebrates have 

 nerve-filled backbones with two pairs of ventrally 

 branching limbs, because the original ancestors of 

 the vertebrates had nerve-filled backbones with 

 two pairs of ventrally branching limbs. Insects 

 individually evolve from worms because worms 

 are their phylogenetic fathers and mothers. Man 

 has hands and a vertical spine, and walks on his 

 hind-limbs, not because he was fashioned in the 

 image of a god, but because his ancestors lived 

 among the trees. The habit of using the posterior 

 limbs for locomotion, and the anterior for pre- 

 hension, and the resulting perpendicular, are 



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