PSYCHICAL EVOLUTION 117 



and the longer and more cumbrous expressions 

 grow obsolete. 



If, therefore, the higher types of mind have not 

 come into existence as have the higher types of 

 structure, through evolution from simpler arid 

 more generalised forms, it has not been due to 

 the absence of the factors necessary for bringing 

 about this evolution. 



5. The presumption created by the existence of 

 the factors of psychic evolution is strengthened by 

 the facts of artificial selection. We know mind 

 can evolve, for it has done so in many cases. The 

 races of domesticated animals, the races whom 

 man has exploited and preyed upon during the 

 past several thousand years, have, many of them, 

 been completely changed in character and intelli- 

 gence through human selection. Old instincts 

 have been wiped out and new ones implanted. In 

 many instances the psychology has been not only 

 revolutionised, but remade. 



Take, for instance, the dog. The dog is a 

 reformed bandit. It is a revised wolf or jackal. 

 It has been completely transformed by human 

 selection; indeed, it may be said that the dog 

 in the last ten or fifteen thousand years has 

 made greater advances in sagacity and civilisation 

 than any other animal, scarcely even excepting 

 man. Man has made wonderful strides along 

 purely intellectual lines, but in the improvement 

 of his emotions he has not been so successful. 

 The rapid development of the dog in feeling and 

 intelligence has no doubt been due to the fact that 



