PSYCHICAL EVOLUTION 139 



echinoderms, or somewhere near the radiate stage 

 of development, and fear and surprise in the 

 worms. Pugnacity makes its appearance in the 

 insects, imagination in the spiders, and jealousy 

 in the fishes. Pride, emulation, and resentment 

 originate in the birds ; grief and hate in the 

 carnivora; shame and remorse among dogs and 

 monkeys; and superstition in the savage (i). 



It is also an important fact bearing on the 

 general problem of evolution, that the civilised 

 child, from about the age of one on, is a sort of 

 synopsis, rude but unmistakable, of the historic 

 evolution of the human race. The child is a 

 savage. It has the emotions of the savage, the 

 savage's conceptions of the world, and the desires, 

 pastimes, and ambitions of the savage. It hates 

 work, and takes delight in hunting, fishing, fight- 

 ing, and loafing, like other savages. The hero of 

 the child is the bully, just as the demigod of primi- 

 tive man is a blood-letting Caesar or Achilles. 

 The children of the civilised are savages some 

 more so than others and if they ever become 

 civilised some do, and some do not they do so 

 through a process of rectification and selection 

 similar to that through which the Aryan races 

 have passed during the ages of human history. 



There is a similar evolution in the young of 

 other animals, especially of the higher animals. 

 Each individual begins in a perfectly mindless 

 form, and grows mentally as it develops physically. 

 The young puppy has a very different thinking 

 and feeling apparatus from the grown-up mastiff. 



