THE ELEMENTS OF MIND 229 



his master was asleep, then climbed up the press, 

 ate the rest of the orange, carefully hid the peel 

 among the shavings in the grate, examined the 

 pretended sleeper aga.in, and then went and lay 

 down on his own bed.' This incident is recorded 

 by Tylor in his ' Anthropology.' ' And such be- 

 haviour,' he adds, ' is to be explained only by 

 supposing a train of thought to pass through the 

 brain of the ape somewhat similar to what we our- 

 selves call reason.' These instances of undoubted 

 intelligence and thought might be added to almost 

 without number if there was room. Every person 

 nearly who has been in the world any length of 

 time, and has had occasion to associate with these 

 so-called ' machines/ has seen for himself, often 

 unexpectedly, many flashes of brightness among 

 them. 



It has been said that man differs from other 

 animals, and is superior to them in the fact that 

 he modifies his environment while other animals 

 do not, but are modified by environment. Mr. 

 Lester F. Ward makes this distinction in his 

 ' Pure Sociology.' The distinction is no nearer 

 the truth than other distinctions of like character 

 that have from time to time been drawn between 

 men and other animals. It is not much more 

 than half true, if it is that, and does not by any 

 means deserve the italics awarded to it by this 

 writer. Many races of non-human beings have a 

 far greater influence on their environment than 

 many races of men have. Many tribes o men 

 wander about naked, build, no habitations, make 



