VETERINARY DENTAL SURGERT. 21 



*"The incisors or front teeth in the horse are 12 

 in number, 6 in each jaw ; the upper ones are the 

 longest, their surfaces meeting those of the lower 

 ones; in rare cases the former overlap," constituting 

 a "parrot mouth." The central pair are the largest, 

 the adjacent ones are called the middle, or lateral, 

 while the outer ones which are the smallest are termed 

 the corner incisors. [In Ruminants which have 

 8 incisors, the first pair are called centrals ; the second 



FIG. 5. 



THEORETICAL SECTION OF THE DENTAL 

 SAC OF A PERMANENT INCISOR IN THE 



HORSE. 



a, proper membrane of the sac; , 

 Dental pulp. ; c, Papilla of the external 

 cavity of the tooth, a dependency of the 

 enamel membrane; d, Epithelial layer 

 of the dentine membrane; e, Cylindrical 

 cells of the enamel membrane;/, Den- 

 tine; g, Enamel. The secretion of the 

 cement is not supposed to have com- 

 menced. Chauveau. 



pair internal lateral; the third pair external lateral, 

 and the fourth pair the corners]. The row of incis- 

 ors form a curve, which is part of the so-called den- 

 tal arch ; the younger the tooth the greater the curva- 

 ture, which gradully decreases with age. The anter- 

 ior surface of a young incisor tooth presents a trian- 

 gular shape, with the base at the table. Viewed 

 laterally it is still triangular, but its apex is at the 

 table. The table is therefore oblong, its long axis 



*8trangeway. 



