36 VETERINARY DENTAL SURGERY. 



these are small, and placed on each side of the jaw, 

 anterior to the first molars." 



ANATOMY OF THE TEETH. 



Teeth are papillae of the mucous membrane of the 

 gum which have undergone a characteristic develop- 

 ment. During their growth they become fixed in 

 their alveolar cavities which allow more or less 

 motion during the process of mastication. While 

 the process of development is going on part of the 

 papilla is transformed into a layer of dentine, while 

 the epithelium covering the papilla produces the 

 enamel; the crusta-petrosa being added during the 

 growth of the tooth, it being a product of that divi- 

 sion of the periodental membrane which clothes the 

 tooth. 



The pulp represents the remainder of the dental 

 papilla, around which the dentine was deposited, 

 and is composed of a very vascular fibrilated connec- 

 tive tissue and is devoid of any elastic fibers. The 

 outer layer of cells resemble columnar epithelium, 

 which contains nuclei and fine grained protoplasm. 

 These lie in direct contact with the dentine building 

 up that part of the tooth. These cells send off long, 

 fine branched processes into the dentinal canals, 

 while their nucleated bodies lie on the surface of the 

 pulp and form a connection between the cells of the 

 pulp and dental tubes. All the vessels of the pulp 

 enter the tooth through the dental foramen at the 



