3 

 6 / V: TERINA R 1 ' DEX TA L S URGER ) . 



The temporary incisor teeth of the calf are all 

 situated in the lower jaw, and are eight in number. 

 They differ from those of the horse in being turned 

 more outwards. They are chisel shaped, convex on 

 the external surface, and concave on the internal sur- 

 face. The neck is small and much better marked 

 than in the horse. 



These teeth, unlike those of the horse, possess a 

 certain amount of mobility, thus preventing injury 

 to the cartilaginous pad above; they are not fixed in 

 the alveoli. This condition is sometimes mistaken 

 for disease and the poor animal has to suffer an oper- 

 ation, which varies according to the fancy of the 

 operator. Some empirics have been known to 

 scarify, and even burn the gums, in the vain hope 

 " that they would heal and the teeth become solid in 

 their sockets." 



The incisors are divided into central, internal 

 lateral (first intermediate), external lateral (second 

 intermediate), and corner. * " The two temporary 

 central incisors are always separated by a marked 

 interval, depending upon the thickness of the fibro 

 cartilage in the maxillary symphysis during youth." 



The roots of the temporary teeth become absorbed 

 by the permanent, as in the horse. 



The anterior portion of the upper jaw is covered 

 by a thick cartilaginous pad, continuous w r ith the 

 mucous membrane of the hard palate. 



*Chauve:ui. 



