VETERINARY DENTAL SURGERT. 121 



to remove such teeth, the cause of their fracture 

 being unknown. On examination after removal 

 they appeared perfectly healthy. These cases always 

 occurred soon after the tooth had made its appear- 

 ance as a permanent one. Unless their organization 

 was defective or their growth excessive, I am at a 

 loss to account for the fracture. Transverse fracture 

 of the root is usually the result of a kick. In such 

 cases a sinus will form, opening on the external sur- 

 face of the jaw. They give the animal much pain 

 during the process of mastication. Fig. 29 shows a 

 tooth with a fractured fang. The fractured ends are 

 worn smooth by the constant 

 movement of the root in its 

 socket. The root remained in 

 the alveolar cavity after the 

 extraction of the crown. It 

 was loose but was situated so 

 far below the border of the 

 gum that it was impossible to 

 grasp it with the forceps. The 

 instrument represented in Fig. 

 51 was then devised and made 

 FIG. 29. out of a piece of 5-16 toe calk 



FOURTH LOWER RIGHT steel. With it the TOOt W3S 

 MOLAR. , POINT OF 



FRACTURE. easily removed.* 



*I would say that the above instrument is one of the best for removing roots 

 that remain in the cavity and are too short to grasp with the forceps. I have 

 two of them, one as represented in the Fig,, and the other with the curve just 

 the reverse. 



