VETERINARY DENTAL SURGERT. 165 



The shying in such cases is undoubtedly due to 

 imperfect glimpses of objects on that side, for in all 

 three cases of my own, when the teeth had been 

 operated upon so that the horse carried his head 

 straight the shying disappeared. Shying however, 

 is not always due to the above cause. It is some- 

 times due to congenital malformation of the eye, 

 such as near-sightedness or partial blindness. 

 REPETITION OF THE OPERATION. 



With regard to the frequency with which the op- 

 eration will have to be repeated, much will depend 

 upon the conformation of the mouth, and work which 

 the animal performs. Some need to have the opera- 

 tion repeated every six months to a year ; others every 

 two or three years, while others never have to 

 undergo an operation. In some animals the teeth 

 come into perfect wear ; in such, an operation is never 

 needed. 



It has been found that many animals thrive better 

 and take less feed if their teeth are regularly cared for. 

 METHOD OF OPERATING. 



In order to perform any of the above opera- 

 tions, in fact, any operation on the mouth or head, 

 it is not necessary to cast or confine the animal 

 in any manner except an occasional case. The 

 old idea that a horse had to be cast for almost 

 every operation, I am pleased to say is rapidly grow- 

 ing into disfavor in this country. For this we are 



