248 VE TERINART DENTAL S URGER r. 



resorted to in order to deceive and cover up the 

 marks of old age. False marks are made on the table 

 surface of the teeth. This is known as "bishoping." 

 The gray hairs are painted, called "gypping." The 

 depressions above the eyes pricked and blown up 

 with air. This is known as "puffing the glym." 



DENTITION IN THE OX. 



The teeth of cattle and pigs are not so regular in 

 their appearance and changes as those of the horse, 

 hence they can not be relied upon to give the same 

 degree of accuracy. This is due to the manner in 

 which they are kept. Cases of extraordinary devel- 

 opment of the dentition in these animals have been 

 noticed at the late Fat Stock Shows. They no doubt 

 were due to the method of feeding resorted to, in 

 order to produce early maturing animals. Cattle 

 which are reared for purely dairy purposes do not 

 shed their temporary teeth and complete dentition at 

 as early an age as do the beef breeds; nor are the 

 processes of dentition as variable in the former as the 

 latter. The mode of dentition which I shall describe 

 is founded upon observation among various members 

 of the Holstein breed of cattle. 



The teeth, as indicative of the age of the ox, is 

 not to be depended upon after the fifth year, but up 

 to that time the regularity with which they make 

 their appearance and changes, form a fair basis by 

 which to judge the age of the animal. 



