Breeding and Some of its Effects. 173 



about gone, whip with a wet towel, work the fore limbs, 

 breathe into the nostrils at intervals coinciding with the 

 limb movements, pull the tongue gently forward, then 

 let it retract and again pull forward, repeating the move- 

 ments at intervals for ten or fifteen minutes or longer, 

 rub the body dry, and bring to a warm place, a slight 

 stimulant such as brandy and water or a little sweet 

 nitre and warm milk may also be given with benefit. 

 Get the newborn to suckle as soon as possible so that it 

 may get the action of the first milk (colostrum) and thus 

 remove the meconiurn the accumulated excrement of 

 fetal life. The meconium may have to be removed; use 

 the oiled finger, or injections of warm water and oil; 

 avoid giving purgatives; foals are often started scouring, 

 and are lost as a result of giving such medicine. A 

 heaped te'aspoonful of fresh (unsalted) butter may be 

 given to the foal with good results if a little constipated ; 

 if a ewe refuses her lamb the one refused (in case of 

 twins) should be rubbed over with the one taken, or if 

 one is dead, skin it and put the skin on over the one re- 

 fused, or put the ewe and refused lamb together by them- 

 selves for a time. In case of ewes the wool should be 

 trimmed from around the udder to allow the lambs to 

 get at the teat, this will also prevent the lamb sucking 

 the wool, with the result sometimes of wool-balls in the 

 stomachs. After getting the young animal to suckle 

 once, leave the dam and offspring to themselves; if the 

 afterbirth has come away, remove and bury; the dis- 

 gusting practice of letting animals eat the membranes 

 should not be permitted. The usual practice with dairy- 

 men and stockmen with dual-purpose cows, is to remove 



