204 Veterinary Elements. 



out and removed with the emasculator or the cord is 

 scraped slowly with the knife until severed; the remain- 

 ing testicle being removed similarly. Calves are thrown 

 down, the end of the scrotum cut off, the testicles drawn 

 out until the cord breaks or is scraped as before. Lambs 

 are castrated in a similar way, being held as described 

 for small pigs, the knife or docking shears may be used 

 for taking off the piece of the scrotum, which may be 

 left any length desired. 



Rams are castrated similarly to bulls, or by turning. 

 ["With the ram, you have him turned upon his haunches, 

 clip the wool off the scrotum to get it out of the way. 

 Have some one hold the ram and hold the hind feet up 

 pretty close to the body,. unless you wish to go to the 

 trouble of tying. Take the end of the scrotum in one 

 hand and with the other press the testicles well up into 

 the body so as to tear them loose from the end of the 

 pouch, you can usually feel them give way, now bring 

 them down and taking them one at a time invert them 

 and revolve them three times around the cord or until 

 it is twisted tight. This you will find is not the easiest 

 job until you get on to it. You can tell when the cord 

 is twisted tight by passing the finger along and feeling 

 the spiral condition and the hardness. When you get 

 one twisted let it draw up into the socket so it will not 

 turn back right end up, while you operate on the other 

 one. Having them both done tie "the sac close up with 

 a soft cord. Tie tight enough to prevent them coming 

 down and turning back*. Cut the strings off after 24 to 

 36 hours." Curtiss and Edgerton, Iowa Agricultural 

 College.] In this method germ infection, so much 



