114 VETERINARY HYGIENE 



and gumming one edge over the part of the original plan where the 

 alterations occur. This is known as a " rider," and is sometimes 

 used as a method of indicating alternative schemes on plans and 

 elevations of new work. 



Plans of completed work should never be kept in rolls in an 

 office, but invariably preserved in a flat condition. Probably the 

 best method is to store them in a portfolio or " folder " made from 

 a large sheet of manilla paper folded across the centre, the name of 

 the work being marked on the outside. Plans of small works can 

 be kept in a " miscellaneous " portfolio, with a typewritten list of 

 the contents, but larger works which involve a number of drawings 

 should have separate portfolios. 



Full size and scale detail drawings may be drawn on cartridge 

 paper or " bank-note " paper. In any case the working copies are 

 probably best executed on " bank-note " paper, drawn with pencil 

 and coloured either by means of water colours or coloured crayon 

 pencils. 



No matter how accurately a drawing may be prepared, it should 

 be figured as fully as possible to give the dimensions of the structure, 

 openings, breaks in walls, floor heights, ceiling heights, &c. 



Care should be taken that the added dimensions agree 

 with corresponding overall dimensions. It is advisable that all 

 dimensions given on plans and sections should be the bare structural 

 sizes without any allowance for finishings such as strapping, lathing, 

 plaster, &c. 



SURVEYING EXISTING BUILDINGS FOR THE 

 PREPARATION OF PLANS. 



The instruments and appliances necessary to make a survey of 

 existing buildings are as follows : A 50 feet or 66 feet tape line ; 

 a surveyor's 6 feet rod; a 3 feet rule; a plumb line; a survey- 

 book consisting either of ruled or plain paper, and a pencil. An 

 intelligent and energetic assistant is indispensable. 



Before starting to take measurements, the surveyor should walk 

 through and examine generally the arrangement of the buildings 

 to be measured, and their principal details of construction. If a 

 group of buildings is to be surveyed, a start should be made with the 

 largest and most regular of the structures, having a long, straight 

 wall such, for instance, as the main cow-shed. This will form 

 a base from which diagonals and tie measurements may be taken 

 to fix the relative position of the various buildings on paper. Care 

 should be taken, in sketching out the plan of the building to be 



