BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 115 



measured, that sufficient room is left on the page of the survey-book 

 t<> take in all the connections or out-lying features. Details such 

 as doors, windows, fittings, &c., should not be sketched in before 

 the whole of the outer walls of the building are shown on plan. 



Squared paper is used by some surveyors for sketch surveys. 



It is only necessary to see that the proportion of the building 

 i> fairly accurately represented in the sketch. System must be 

 observed in taking the measurements, if errors, and consequently 

 additional visits to the building, are to be avoided. The outside 

 dimensions of the buildings should be taken on all frontages, start- 

 ing at a corner and reading off running measurements to the full 

 extent of the tape line if necessary. That is to say, the assistant 

 holds the ring of the tape on a corner, whilst the surveyor measures 

 the daylight distances of each window and door opening, and enters 

 them in his book upon the sketch plan, using arrow-heads to denote 

 the direction and point of measurement. 



The inside dimensions of each apartment should be taken, 

 measuring along each wall and taking the diagonal measurements 

 from corner to corner. All doorways, windows, chases, breaks, 

 stalls, gutters, roof principals, roof lights, hatches, ridges, &c., should 

 be measured from definitely fixed points by running measurements, 

 and marked carefully upon the plan, keeping in view that these 

 measurements are to be transferred to a plan drawn to scale by the 

 surveyor or his draughtsman. 



Each flat should be measured in a similar manner, and the 

 direction of the floor joists shown clearly in every case. 



Sketches should be made of each elevation of the building, and 

 the heights of all openings and details of the doors and windows, 

 pipes, roofs, &c., measured and shown upon the plan and elevations. 

 A cross-section, no matter how rough, should also be sketched and 

 all the principal heights measured and shown. 



In measuring elevations, the wallhead gutter can be used as a 

 datum line from which ground levels and the position of sills and 

 lintels can be measured. The thickness of all walls and partitions, 

 and the materials of which they are composed, should be noted, 

 and the description and condition of floors, roofs, walls and fittings 

 should be jotted on the side of the drawings, with arrow-headed 

 lines indicating the parts to which each note applies. 



If a drain plan of the existing premises is not available, all the 

 drains should be carefully surveyed, the depths and position of 

 manholes noted, and the direction of flow marked upon the survey 

 plan. 



After the survey has been completed, the surveyor should enter 



